<descriptor thcode="2"><thesaurus thcode="2" name="USGS Thesaurus" scope="Topics and methods of scientific study carried out by USGS, with product types, scientific disciplines, geologic time, and types of institutional structure and activities.  Broad and shallow, used to help people find scientific information." creator="U.S. Geological Survey" rights="Public domain" edition="2.0" date="2020-01-09" codetype="number" prefix="topic" uri="https://www2.usgs.gov/science/USGSThesaurus" tblname="term" nonpref="nonpref" relterm="relterm" root_code="1" contact="pschweitzer"><category><term thcode="25" code="29" name="distinct labels" parent="26" scope="Preferred labels (descriptor texts) are distinct within the thesaurus. A concept can be specified either by its unique identifier (code) or by the text of its descriptor."/><term thcode="25" code="16" name="hierarchical" parent="11" scope="Substantive broader-narrower relationships exist among the terms."/><term thcode="25" code="13" name="transitive" parent="12" scope="Narrower terms have an &quot;is a&quot; relationship with their broader terms, and generally can be described as part-of, type-of, or instance-of the broader term."/><term thcode="25" code="21" name="disciplines" parent="2" scope="Broad categories of human inquiry or activity, such as scientific disciplines."/><term thcode="25" code="20" name="methods" parent="2" scope="Actions taken to obtain or analyze information"/><term thcode="25" code="19" name="organizational functions" parent="2" scope="Things that organizations do, typically including various types of programs, projects, and services."/><term thcode="25" code="7" name="temporal" parent="2" scope="Terms indicate periods of time, such as chronostratigraphic units, named historical periods or intervals surrounding known historical events, or seasons."/><term thcode="25" code="5" name="theme" parent="2" scope="Terms indicate domains of human concern, such as scientific discipline, societal problems, or characteristics of earth, space, oceans, and living things."/><term thcode="25" code="29" name="distinct labels" parent="26" scope="Preferred labels (descriptor texts) are distinct within the thesaurus. A concept can be specified either by its unique identifier (code) or by the text of its descriptor."/><term thcode="25" code="16" name="hierarchical" parent="11" scope="Substantive broader-narrower relationships exist among the terms."/><term thcode="25" code="13" name="transitive" parent="12" scope="Narrower terms have an &quot;is a&quot; relationship with their broader terms, and generally can be described as part-of, type-of, or instance-of the broader term."/><term thcode="25" code="21" name="disciplines" parent="2" scope="Broad categories of human inquiry or activity, such as scientific disciplines."/><term thcode="25" code="20" name="methods" parent="2" scope="Actions taken to obtain or analyze information"/><term thcode="25" code="19" name="organizational functions" parent="2" scope="Things that organizations do, typically including various types of programs, projects, and services."/><term thcode="25" code="7" name="temporal" parent="2" scope="Terms indicate periods of time, such as chronostratigraphic units, named historical periods or intervals surrounding known historical events, or seasons."/><term thcode="25" code="5" name="theme" parent="2" scope="Terms indicate domains of human concern, such as scientific discipline, societal problems, or characteristics of earth, space, oceans, and living things."/></category><altlabel><altlabel>USGSThesaurus</altlabel><altlabel>USGSThesaurus</altlabel></altlabel></thesaurus><term thcode="2" code="700" name="maps and atlases" parent="808" scope="Representation, usually on a flat surface, of a part or whole of the Earth or other parts of the universe.  Collections of maps linked digitally or bound together in a book are called atlases."/><uf><usefor name="aeromagnetic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="18" name="aeromagnetic surveying" parent="981" scope="Mapping of the earth's magnetic field with the use of airborne electronic magnetometers."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="atlases"/><usefor name="basement maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="84" name="bedrock geologic units" parent="1103" scope="Units of consolidated (solid) rock that underlie soils or other unconsolidated materials."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="cadastral maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="136" name="cadastral and legal land descriptions" parent="223" scope="Records in official registers showing extent, boundaries, and ownerships of land for administration and taxation."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="charts"/><usefor name="depth-to maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1118" name="structure contours" parent="459" scope="Gridding and contouring lines drawn on geologic maps to depict boundaries of structural features."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="earthquake activity maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="earthquake epicenter maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="earthquake occurrence maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="engineering geology maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="337" name="engineering geology" parent="339" scope="Branch of geology involved in the application of soil and rock mechanics, natural hazards, and other geological studies to the practice of engineering and construction."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="geochemical anomaly maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="437" name="geochemistry" parent="291" scope="Study of the distribution of chemical elements and natural compounds on the earth and in the atmosphere and the chemical processes that affect the earth."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="geophysical maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="470" name="geophysics" parent="291" scope="Branch of geology studying the physical characteristics and phenomena of the earth and its atmosphere."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="geotechnical properties maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="337" name="engineering geology" parent="339" scope="Branch of geology involved in the application of soil and rock mechanics, natural hazards, and other geological studies to the practice of engineering and construction."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="gravity anomaly maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="501" name="gravitational field (earth)" parent="287" scope="Region or space around earth's mass which exerts a force that mutually attracts other masses in proportion to the product of the two masses and the distance between them."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="ground motion maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="hydrologic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="560" name="hydrology" parent="291" scope="Branch of earth science that deals with water as it occurs in the atmosphere, on the surface of the ground, and underground."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="isopach maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="2089" name="stratigraphic thickness" parent="1103" scope="Thickness of earth material layers or groups of such layers, often portrayed as isopachs (contours) or gridded data."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="land subsidence maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="624" name="subsidence" parent="451" scope="Settling, compaction, or caving in of land caused by subsurface mining, ground-water withdrawal, or pumping of oil and gas."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="land use maps"/><usefor name="landslide maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="639" name="landslides" parent="1736" scope="Downslope movement of rock, soil, or artificial fill under the influences of gravity."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="landslide susceptibility maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="637" name="landslide susceptibility assessment" parent="997" scope="Estimation of the probability of occurrence and likely severity of landslides in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="lithologic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1005" name="rocks and deposits" parent="287" scope="Solid masses that make up the earth's crust as well as accumulations of materials. Use for major rock types and unconsolidated deposits. For deposits of economic value, see related terms."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="magnetic anomaly maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="677" name="magnetic field (earth)" parent="287" scope="The magnetic region surrounding earth.  It is generated by the dipolar characteristic of earth's core whereby earth itself acts as a great spherical magnet with poles near, but not exactly at, the North and South poles."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="maps"/><usefor name="paleotectonic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1145" name="tectonic processes" parent="451" scope="The structural forces affecting the deformation, uplift, and movement of the earth's crust."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="rock mechanics maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="337" name="engineering geology" parent="339" scope="Branch of geology involved in the application of soil and rock mechanics, natural hazards, and other geological studies to the practice of engineering and construction."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="seismic hazard maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="seismic reflection survey maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1045" name="seismic reflection methods" parent="1042" scope="Geophysical technique to study the subsurface of the earth using sound waves induced by explosives, vibrating devices, or percussive equipment.  The reflections of the sound waves from the boundaries of different rocks are measured."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="seismicity maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="302" name="earthquake probabilities" parent="997" scope="That aspect of seismology that deals with the physical conditions or indications that precede an earthquake, in order to predict its probability, size, time, and location."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="shaking maps (seismic)"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="299" name="earthquake occurrences" parent="304" scope="Time, location, severity, and mechanism of earthquake events, including the frequency and history of events in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="slope stability maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="637" name="landslide susceptibility assessment" parent="997" scope="Estimation of the probability of occurrence and likely severity of landslides in a given area."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="species distribution maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="96" name="biogeography" parent="921" scope="The study of the geographic distributions of plants and animals."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="stratigraphic thickness maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="2089" name="stratigraphic thickness" parent="1103" scope="Thickness of earth material layers or groups of such layers, often portrayed as isopachs (contours) or gridded data."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="subsurface maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="464" name="geology" parent="291" scope="Study of the planet earth, its composition, structure, physical and chemical processes, and history since its origin."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="surficial geologic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1127" name="surficial geologic units" parent="1103" scope="Rock units on the earth's surface."/></usewith></usefor><usefor name="tectonic maps"><usewith><term thcode="2" code="1145" name="tectonic processes" parent="451" scope="The structural forces affecting the deformation, uplift, and movement of the earth's crust."/></usewith></usefor></uf><bt><term thcode="2" code="808" name="product types" parent="1" scope="General representation of the information in a resource, such as a map or data set."/><term thcode="2" code="1" name="Categories" scope="Thematic terms for categorizing information resources.  This thesaurus is intended to support finding and understanding scientific information."/></bt><nt><term thcode="2" code="1748" name="geologic maps" parent="700" scope="Maps depicting geological characteristics of the earth's surface, including lithology, geologic structure, age, and the results of crustal processes. Used where the product includes a depiction of the map as a whole, not for data sets that could be used to create a map."/><term thcode="2" code="1749" name="topographic maps" parent="700" scope="Maps depicting the elevation and relief of the land surface or depth of a water body (bathymetry) in an area, usually shown using contour lines.  Typically these maps include manmade features and administrative boundaries as well as vegetation and hydrographic features."/></nt><rt><term thcode="2" code="147" name="cartography" parent="447" scope="The science and art of making maps."/></rt></descriptor>