{"thcode":23,"term":{"code":29,"name":"Biological Production","parent":28,"scope":"A measure of growth, reproduction, or yield of a biological system at any scale, together with the services provided. This includes primary production (the rate or extent to which new organic matter is created, usually through photosynthesis); secondary production (the rate or extent to which consumers multiply and grow); related concepts such as standing stock, biomass density, available biomass, trophic transfer, and sustainable yield; and services including not only provisioning of food but also the many other services that are enhanced by high biomass of specific organisms. Distributions include spatial records of chlorophyll concentration; growth rates or biomass of flora or fauna; trophic transfer; human consumption; flood control; or other services, derived through direct measurement, measurement of proxies, or models. Assessments can estimate, model, value, or monetize the ecological or service benefits and impacts of various forms or quantities of primary production or evaluate the effects of nutrients, shading, climate change, or other stressors on production and related services. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts, including anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes. Predictive models can also evaluate the ecosystem-level effects and impacts to ecological functions or services resulting from changing levels and shifting forms of primary or secondary production; scenario-testing models can compare the production or service outcomes of different management actions, including altering nutrient inputs, harvesting, or other actions."},"uf":[],"bt":[{"code":28,"name":"Ecological Functions and Services","parent":26,"scope":"Ecological Functions and Services includes data describing or measuring an ecological or ecosystem process, property, or benefit to humans that is associated with habitat or biota. While many natural services are related to physical materials and energy production, this category is limited to those services and benefits that derive from ecological interactions of living organisms. Examples of processes or properties include primary productivity, secondary production, nutrient processing, biomass, biodiversity, ecological integrity, and trophic connectivity or export. Examples of services include provisioning of food; carbon storage; nutrient removal; filtration of water; and storm, wave, or flood protection. Functions and services related to biodiversity and production are included here and are further categorized and discussed below. Distributions include records of ecological processes, properties, or services at a location, obtained through direct measurement; measurement of proxies; or modeled estimates. Assessments include ecological valuation indices; calculations of yield; indices of habitat quality or biological integrity; purpose-driven, regionally-specific indicators of ecological value or condition; classifications of areas as critical to certain functions; monetization or other valuations of services; and models of benefits or values. Predictions are the results of models or projections of future distributions, values, or impacts of ecological functions or services; anticipated changes produced by natural and human processes; future projections of cumulative impacts of single or multiple stressors; scenario-testing models of loss or gain of function; and predictions of ecological or economic effects of functional changes under different management strategies. The Ecological Functions and Services category includes two sublevels, which are called out for their broad impact on other functions and services and for their frequent use in assessments."},{"code":26,"name":"Living Resources","parent":6,"scope":"Includes aspects of coastal and marine biota that are of particular importance to ecology or to human uses. These can include particular species, groups of biota, associations of biota with physical features, biological function, and biological connectivity."},{"code":6,"name":"Data Content Subjects","parent":1,"scope":"Environmental characteristics and processes as well as human activities that use, rely on, or impact those features."},{"code":1,"name":"Data Categories for Marine Planning","parent":null,"scope":"Categories indicating the breadth of information types required for ocean planning from a national, multidisciplinary perspective. Published in USGS Open-File Report 2015-1046, doi:10.3133\/ofr20151046"}],"nt":[],"rt":[]}